More puppy pics

Maya with uncle Ocho


Maya in cartoon mode


Rasta

Blood Pressure (My latest Ask Dr Peg column)

Dear Dr. Peg,

While shopping at my local Smith's store, I stopped by the pharmacy to measure my blood pressure. The machine told me that it was 127/75. Is this a healthy blood pressure? Also, what's the relationship between blood pressure and cholesterol levels? What can I do to maintain a healthy blood pressure?

Dear Smith’s guy,

The short answers to your questions are: probably, nothing, and plenty. But I’m not one for short answers, so pull up a chair.

What exactly is blood pressure? It is the amount of pressure that your blood exerts on your blood vessels, from within them. You might liken it to air pressure in your tires, or water pressure in your pipes.

Air pressure is measured in PSI’s, or pounds per square inch. Blood pressure is measured in mmHg, or millimeters of mercury. This is because blood pressure cuffs originally used a vertical column of mercury to measure pressure. A pressure reading of 100 meant the mercury column was pushed up (against gravity) 100 millimeters.

There are two numbers in a blood pressure reading, the top number and the bottom number. Basically they are maximum and minimum readings. The top number,127 for you, is the systolic (say “siss-TALL-ick”) blood pressure. This is the pressure present in the arteries during systole (SISS-toe-lee) , which is the active squeezing phase of the heart’s pumping action. The bottom number,75 for you, is the diastolic (say “dye-uh-STALL-ick”) blood pressure. This is the pressure present in the arteries during diastole (dye-ASS-toe-lee) which is the inactive, relaxation phase of the heart.

What is normal for blood pressure? Pretty much anything less than 120/80 and still standing. Too low is when you pass out because of it. A person’s blood pressure changes throughout the day, depending on many factors. Your blood pressure is lowest when you are asleep, and highest when you are exercising strenuously.

If your blood pressure always reads between 120-140 systolic and/or 80-90 diastolic you could have pre-hypertension, meaning you could be at risk for developing the disease of Hypertension, or high blood pressure. In the pre-hypertension range, lifestyle changes like losing weight, exercising more, and eating less salt are often all that’s needed to bring your blood pressure down to normal.

If you get repeated readings with a systolic pressure over 140 and/or a diastolic over 90, you may have Hypertension. This is a bad thing. Imagine what would happen if you filled your bike tires with as much air pressure as you put in your car tires. Ka-blam, right? That’s what happens in your tiny blood vessels if they get too much pressure. The result is damage to all your organs, especially your heart, kidneys and brain.

What can you do to keep your blood pressure in a healthy range? Maintain a normal weight. Exercise regularly. Don’t smoke. Limit your alcohol intake, or don’t drink. Minimize your stress, or manage it as best you can.

Hypertension is sometimes genetic. If it runs in your family, you can decrease your chance of getting it by following the advice above, and by getting a professional blood pressure measurement once a year, during your yearly physical.

Blood pressure and cholesterol are not directly related to each other. High blood pressure doesn’t cause high cholesterol or vice versa. However, they both contribute to the same health problems (heart attacks, strokes, organ damage) and each alone can kill you. It behooves you to keep both blood pressure and cholesterol as low as possible. Beyond that, cholesterol is a topic for another day.

Finally, a word about supermarket blood pressure machines. Take them with a grain of –oops, I mean, they may not be exactly accurate. To maximize your chances of an accurate reading, rest first for ten minutes, then put your bare arm into the machine. If you get worrisome or wildly differing readings in Smiths, come in to the Student Health Center and let the professionals check it. Call ###-#### for an appointment.

Puppies

These are my daughter's two new pit bull puppies, playing with my 8 month old mutt. I'm trying out my new camera software. This is an effect called "cartoon."

Cold Sores (my latest "Ask Dr. Peg" column)

Dear Dr Peg:

I have read your Health Columns in the Daily Lobo and have found them to be very informative and helpful. I have been concerned about a health issue since school started and would like to submit this question.

Is there an unusually high number of people at UNM with cold sores/oral herpes? It seems that they are everywhere and I am afraid that I will come down with lip sores like that. I have never had one. Is there a way to prevent getting them? Why do you think so many people on campus have this problem? What is causing this?

Thank you very much.

-Curious About Cold Sores

Dear Curious,

Great questions! I’ll do my best to answer them, but first, a few basics for those who might need them. A cold sore, also commonly called a fever blister, is actually neither. I’m talking about those round, raw-looking sores that bloom on the vermilion border of the lip, which is the junction between lip and face. They aren’t caused by cold weather, a cold, or a fever. They’re actually caused by a virus, as you suggested. Herpes Simplex, to be precise. The medical term for “cold sore” is “Oral Herpes.” Like any virus, Herpes Simplex is contagious. Oral Herpes is usually passed by direct contact (kissing, oral sex) but can also be passed by sharing items like razors or towels.

I don’t think UNM students have more Oral Herpes than anyone else. I can’t give you statistics to prove this, however, because we rarely test for this condition. It’s pretty easy to diagnose just by looking at it, and the test is expensive, so students usually decline it. Having said that, I have to tell you that Oral Herpes is extremely common in this country in general. You say you have never had a cold sore, but you might be mistaken. The American Social Health Association asserts that “50-80% of the adult population in the United States has oral herpes, with as many as 90% having the virus by age 50.” Most of us get it as children, when some well-meaning but infected relative gives us a smooch and a squeeze. Nice, huh?

Now, to cut Aunt Blanche some slack, she probably didn’t have a nasty, oozing sore when she kissed you. The problem is, she could have passed it along to you even without an active sore, or outbreak. Herpes, once it gets under your skin, takes up residence deep in the root of a nerve. It can stay there forever without ever coming out, or it can venture up to the surface and wreak havoc. Unfortunately, before the havoc, i.e. the actual sore, you can shed viruses and be contagious. Some people can tell they’re about to have an outbreak because they feel tingling or pain at the site. Triggers for the virus to make a surface foray include sunburn, stress, illness, lack of sleep….yes, basically the college lifestyle. This might be why you see a lot of Oral Herpes. Students may have more outbreaks than other, less stressed adults, even if the infection rate is the same.

How can you keep from getting oral Herpes? Stay away from Aunt Blanche! Naw, but you shouldn’t be kissing anyone with a sore on their lip, or letting them kiss you. Anywhere. Herpes Simplex comes in two subspecies – type I and type II. Type I generally prefers lips, and Type II usually prefers genitals, but they’re adaptable. Either type can live in either place. And either type can be passed from one place to the other. I deliberately left Genital Herpes out of this discussion, due to space restraints and the fact that you asked about Oral Herpes, but I’d be happy to address that another time.

If you have a cold sore, avoid kissing and performing oral sex, don’t share eating utensils or cups, and wash your hands often.

If you develop a cold sore, know that it will clear up in about a week. In the meantime, you can ask your pharmacist for topical creams or ointments to soothe your discomfort, or you can come to the Student Health Center for a prescription for antiviral medication. These medications can decrease the severity of the symptoms and shorten the duration of the outbreak. Try to keep your hands off the sore. Take a pain reliever if needed, and apply ice or warm compresses, whichever feels better.The good news about Oral Herpes is that it causes a sore and that’s all. Yes, it takes up residence in your body for life, but it doesn’t damage your internal organs, cause cancer, or kill you. Ever since HIV has come on the scene, Herpes seems a lot less of a big deal.

The other good news is that many people “grow out of” cold sores. They may have outbreaks for several years after the Aunt Blanche episode, but stop having them by the time they’re adults. Adults who catch the virus may notice that their outbreaks diminish over time and eventually stop.

I hope this is helpful. If you or anyone else have more questions, email me at pspencer@unm.edu. All questions will be considered, and all questioners will remain anonymous in the Daily Lobo.

The Science of Stem Cells

written for the Daily Lobo (University of New Mexico newspaper) on request for a special issue on Stem Cell research.

Immortality and unlimited potential. That’s a stem cell in a nutshell. It is an unspecialized ancestor cell, capable of living practically forever or morphing into any cell type from any tissue. Talk about power in a small package!

There are two kinds of stem cells: embryonic and adult. Embryonic stem cells come from fertility clinics. In the fertility laboratories, donor eggs are fertilized in vitro (in a test tube) and watched for a few days. After 4 or 5 days, successfully fertilized eggs have become blastocysts, which are tiny balls of cells. Some of the blastocysts are used for implantation in a woman’s uterus. The rest are frozen, destroyed or donated for stem cell research, with the signed consent of the donors. Stem cells are extracted from the center of the blastocyst and grown in cell cultures in a research lab. As long as they aren’t crowded or signaled to change, the stem cells can multiply unchanged for years. Or, given the right signals, certain genes within these cells will “turn on,” causing the stem cell to differentiate into a very specific cell type from a certain tissue. Embryonic stem cells are pleuripotent (pleuri- as in pleural, implying many, or multiple potent as in potential, meaning these cells have the potential to become any other cell in the system.

In recent years, scientists have discovered that adult humans actually retain a few stem cells. Tucked away in the lining of our intestines and the recesses of our brains, tiny swat teams of these cells huddle, breaking cover only when their home tissue is diseased or injured. These cells, also called “somatic stem cells,” help repair damage, and differ from embryonic stem cells in that they seem to be limited in their potential. In other words, unspecialized stem cells from a certain tissue can become specialized cells of that tissue, or possibly of another tissue type or two, but they are not pleuripotent like embryonic stem cells. So far, adult stem cells have been identified in brain, bone marrow, blood vessels, peripheral blood, skeletal muscle, skin and liver.

Adult stem cells have already been used in medical treatments. Have you heard of a bone marrow transplant? That is a stem cell transplant. Bone marrow stem cells become blood cells. If someone’s bone marrow is wiped out, say by radiation for cancer, they can’t make their own blood cells anymore. Give them a bone marrow transplant, and the donor stem cells take over the job, saving the recipient from catastrophe.

What else are stem cells good for? To date, the answer to this is largely theoretical, since the research is in progress. There are three general areas of research and application: regenerative therapies (like transplantation), drug testing, and development research.

The fact that stem cells can differentiate into different tissues holds promise for tissue transplants. Many diseases cause destruction or degeneration of whole organs or types of tissues. Currently, donated organs and tissues are used to replace these damaged tissues, but the demand far outweighs the supply. Stem cells could be used as a renewable source of transplantable tissues. The possibility of using adult stem cells for this purpose is especially exciting, because if one’s own stem cells could be cultured and placed back in the body, the risk of tissue rejection might be less. Some of the specific diseases being considered for these cell-based therapies are Diabetes, burns, heart disease, spinal cord injury, arthritis, Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases.

Drug testing for safety and efficacy is an obvious necessity, before new drugs are made available for medical use. At present, some cancer drugs are being tested on cells, on cancer cell lines, which are grown in a lab like stem cells. The scientific hope in this area is that stem cells can be induced to specialize into certain cell types, on which tissue-specific drugs could then be tested.

Finally, studying stem cells and the way they differentiate could give scientists a lot of information about the complex events that occur during human development, normal and abnormal. What tells cells to divide and differentiate? What goes wrong in this process to cause birth defects? What signal makes cells turn cancerous? Stem cell research is being used to understand these very complicated processes, in hopes that one day birth defects and cancer, among other conditions, might be prevented.

Exciting as these medical applications might sound, they are a long way from reality. Many fundamental questions remain. What causes a cell to differentiate? Are the signals internal to the cell or external? How do certain genes get turned on by these signals? How do stem cells remain unspecialized and self renewing for years and years? How can scientists direct a stem cell to become a specific tissue cell? How can a somatic stem cell from one tissue be used to make a different tissue? These are some of the basic questions that are being asked in research labs around the world. Only when they are answered can the medical promise of stem cells be fulfilled.

Update on "the book"

Earlier this year I was invited to help with a book called 50 Ways to Leave Your 40s. It has been a lot of fun, an education, a trip with many twists and turns. Our original deadline was December 1st. However, s&*t happens, and the timeline has changed. Due to health problems in my coauthor's family, the book has been put on a back burner for the time being. We're now looking at a March 1st deadline or possibly even Fall of '07. The publisher is being very understanding.

So don't hold your breath or rush out to the bookstores just yet!

I'll keep you posted.

Scared Sexless (my latest "Ask Dr Peg" column)

Dear Doctor Peg,

I’m freaking out. I went to a great party last night, and had a fantastic time, but, well, I guess I had too much to drink, and there was this really attractive person, and one thing led to another, and we had sex. We didn’t use protection. This morning I’m sober, I have a roaring headache, I feel like an idiot, and I’m terrified. What have I done? What could happen to me? I can’t believe I did that. I’m never having sex again!

Scared Sexless

Dear Scared,

What have you done, you ask? You made some choices that put your health at risk. You are clearly regretting this as you look back with the clarity of hindsight. What could happen to you? That depends on a few things.

If you are Scared Susie, you’ll be worrying about disease and pregnancy (unless you had sex with a woman, in which case you’ll still be worrying about disease). If you are Scared Sam, it’s the possibility of disease that’s making your headache worse. Let’s take these issues one at a time.

Pregnancy. For pregnancy prevention, come to the Student Health Center for Emergency Contraception. You need a prescription for this hormone treatment, but soon it will be available over the counter. The sooner you take ECP the better, but it can be effective up to three days after unprotected sex. ECP is not an abortion pill. While you’re at the SHC, you can get more information about birth control methods.

STI’s. This is the new and improved acronym for Sexually Transmitted Infections (formerly ST Diseases). There are several. For practical purposes, I’m going to divide them into two categories, curable and incurable.

Curable STI’s. These are infections that can be cured with antibiotics, after which they are gone from your body for good, unless you catch them again. Please note that most of these can be “silent,” meaning you can have them and not know it. We can find them for you, though, with blood, urine or swab tests. When they do cause symptoms, they are typically as follows. Trichomonas, or “trich” (pronounced “trick”) is a parasite that can cause an itchy, smelly, greenish discharge from the penis or vagina. Chlamydia is a bacterium that can cause burning with urination, a penile or vaginal discharge, painful sex or vaginal bleeding. We see several cases of Chlamydia at Student Health every year, especially after Spring Break. GonorrheaPubic lice (“crabs”) cause severe itching and rash in the pubic area. If you look closely, you might be able to see the lice themselves or their egg cases on your pubic hair. Crabs are treated topically with a cream or liquid. Molluscum contagiosum virus causes bumps that look and feel like hard pimples. Removing the core of each lesion, which we do in the clinic, helps the infection clear up more quickly. (“the drip”) causes a goopy, yellow discharge from the penis or vagina.

Incurable STI’s. For this group of infections, modern medicine has no cure. We can give you drugs to make you feel better, or to decrease the intensity and duration of your symptoms, but we can’t kill the viruses. Herpes causes exquisitely tender sores, in your mouth or on your genitals. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) causes warts on your genitals, and some strains can cause cancer of the cervix. The good news about HPV is that there is now a vaccine that will protect you from the most dangerous strains. If you get genital warts, we’ll freeze them off, but unfortunately that doesn’t get rid of the virus, which usually lives about two more years under your skin. Hepatitis B, for which there is also a vaccine, can be silent or cause an illness with nausea, fever and bodyaches. And finally, HIV, which has a variety of symptom presentations and for which there is no known cure at this time.

I know that is quite the parade of scoundrels, and I’ve probably scared you worse by listing them all. However, chances are very slim that you’d have more than one or two of these after your wild escapade last night, and it’s likely that you don’t have any of them. The problem is, it can take weeks to months for these infections to show up in your body after you catch them.

So how long should you wait to be seen by a health professional? If you’re Susie, don’t wait for pregnancy prevention. Anyone else, make an appointment for “STI Screeing” with one of the SHC practitioners or the Women’s Health department. We will listen to you, examine you, educate you, and advise you. We might do labwork to find out if you’re positive for any of these STI’s now. We can tell you when to come back and get tested the next time. If you develop symptoms before your scheduled visit, come to the Walk-In clinic or make another appointment to be checked.

Finally, go easy on yourself. Everyone makes mistakes. Everyone does stupid things. You don’t have to swear off sex forever, or brand a big L for Loser on your forehead. Just take steps to be healthy now, and in the future, if you choose to have sex with a stranger, please, protect yourself.

Balloons!

It's time for the annual Albuquerque International Balloon Fiesta. Every October hundreds of balloonists gather here, and the skies fill with color for a week. So far this week they've been thwarted by rain or wind most days, but today the sun came out and up they went.

These pics are actually from last year, taken from my house and from the park across the street. I'm too lazy to brave the crowds at Balloon Park and besides, why should I, with views like this? If they land right in front of my nose again this year, I'll add fresh pics.

It's a fun reason to come to Albuquerque, if you ever need one!

The Scoop on Coffee

This is an article I wrote for our University newspaper, in response to a question someone sent in about coffee. They wanted to know if it is good or bad for them, whether it is true that coffee after heavy drinking protects the liver, and what about energy drinks? They said "like Tom Petty I have a Need To Know."

Dear Coffee Cat,

If you’ve heard good and bad things about coffee, you’re paying attention. And if you’re confused, there’s good reason, because the truth is, it’s both. Allow me to explain.

How is coffee good for you?

1. It stimulates the brain. We all know that. It’s the whole reason many people indulge. And face it: even though you are smart enough to have gotten into college, there are those times when your brain could use a little extra boost. When that big paper is due tomorrow and you’re farther behind than you thought. When it’s the “morning after the night before,” and you need to function at work. At times like these, an extra mental lift can be highly useful. There is also some evidence that regular coffee drinkers have less “age related cognitive decline” than non-coffee drinkers. In other words, they kept their “marbles” longer into their old age. (The same study, by the way, found these benefits and more with green tea.)

2. I’m glad you brought up the liver thing. It gives me a chance to debunk some rumors. The answer to your question is no, coffee cannot heal the liver after a long night of drinking. Coffee can’t sober you up either, contrary to popular misconception. The only thing that will get alcohol out of your blood is time, sweet time. What may be true is that – now, read this carefully – people who drink alcohol heavily, and we’re talking heavily and long enough to cause cirrhosis of the liver, can get some protective effect for their liver over the years by drinking coffee too. This is not the same thing as saying that if you binge drink all night, you can reverse the beating you gave your poor liver by going out for a latte in the morning. No. If you really want to protect your liver from cirrhosis, a far better way to do that is not to drink too much alcohol in the first place.

3. Finally, coffee is often at the center of meaningful social interaction. Relaxing with a friend and having a real conversation while you sip your caffeinated beverage of choice is, in my opinion, a ritual worth honoring.

How is coffee bad for you?

1. Too much coffee can give you uncomfortable jitters, headaches, anxiety, insomnia, and stomach and bladder irritation. Coffee aggravates the painful fibrocystic breast condition. It can affect the kidneys, acting as a diuretic (makes you pee). Coffee can increase your pulse and your blood pressure and contribute to ulcers. It can worsen PMS (now that is truly frightening!). All of these side effects are what we medical types call “dose related responses.” In other words, the more coffee you drink, the more likely you’ll suffer.

2. Is coffee addictive? Oh, yes. If you’ve ever been a regular coffee drinker and tried to quit, you know what I’m talking about. Headaches, drowsiness, lack of concentration and focus…those, my friend, are withdrawal symptoms. Withdrawal from caffeine, the drug of choice of millions of Americans. Whether we’re “guzzling coffee like crazy fools,” taking “big gulps”of sodas or sipping tea, we consume tons of caffeine-containing products each year. If you want to jettison your caffeine addiction, I suggest you cut your consumption in half for a week, then quit. Be prepared to feel lousy for another week, but then you should be fine.

There are some “positive negatives” to the coffee story. In other words, some bad things that coffee does not do. It does not cause cancer. It does not increase your heart disease risk. In moderation, coffee and other forms of caffeine do not have significant health risks. How much is “moderation? That depends on the person. Different people have different caffeine sensitivities. For the average Joe, 2-3 cups of “Joe” a day counts as moderate consumption.

Finally, you asked about energy drinks. Those little power cans vary widely in their ingredients, including the amount of caffeine and other stimulants. Some have a lot of sugar. Some use artificial sweeteners. Most use artificial flavors and colors. Most have less caffeine than a cup of coffee, yet cost more. Since the full health effects of food additives are not yet completely known, I myself am more inclined toward the natural stuff, meaning “the bean” or “the [tea] leaf.”

I hope this satisfies your Need To Know, Coffee Cat. Now tomorrow when it’s Wakeup Time you can enjoy your java with No Second Thoughts.

Breast Cancer

Y'all know I'm helping write a book. Well, recently we got the news from our editor that they want a book half the size we thought we were writing. As a result, we've had to make some adjustments, some cuts, etc. Rather than just file my drafts in the back of a drawer to collect dust, I thought I'd at least share them here. This was going to be one on breast cancer, from a chapter called "Spurn Your Bra."

spurn bra – breast cancer DRAFT

In a chapter about bras and breasts, what is a responsible doc going to talk about? What else but that ghastly goblin lurking in the heart of every woman, that most feared of diagnoses – breast cancer. If your pulse rate just went up, count yourself normal.

By the time you’re fifty, I’d lay a confident bet that all of you have known (or been) someone with breast cancer. I can think of seven that I’ve known well, and that isn’t counting patients. One woman died from it, one died from something else, three are survivors and two are still in treatment. It’s a sobering, all-too-common reality.

But guess what? It isn’t all bad news. You’ve probably heard the statistics, the ominous “one in seven” that certainly lodged itself in my brain the minute I heard it years ago. Well, it turns out that is an exaggeration. That “1 in 7” is what’s called an “average lifetime risk.” It means that one of every seven baby girls born today would statistically get breast cancer by the time she is 70. But not all those baby girls live to be 70. Some die of other things. And some of those who died of, say, a car crash or a heart attack were counted as that one in the 1 in 7 who was supposed to get breast cancer. If you’re saying, “Huh?” by now, don’t worry. You’re not dumb. It’s the statistics that are confusing. (I had open book exams in that class in college and I still barely passed!)

More meaningful are statistics that give you your age-specific risk. In other words, given the age you are now, what is your likelihood of developing breast cancer? That’s what we all want to know, right? Here are the numbers:

A woman’s chance of being diagnosed with breast cancer is:

• from age 30 through age 39 . . . . . . 0.44 percent (often expressed as “1 in 229”)
• from age 40 through age 49 . . . . . . 1.46 percent (often expressed as “1 in 68”)
• from age 50 through age 59 . . . . . . 2.73 percent (often expressed as “1 in 37”)
• from age 60 through age 69 . . . . . . 3.82 percent (often expressed as “1 in 26”)

See, it’s not quite as big a goblin as you thought.

Still, it deserves some attention in our lives, and more as we get older. So what advice do you think I have for you? Right. Get your mammograms! Or perhaps I should say, “Get your breasts studied!” The field of breast diagnostics is changing rapidly. By the time this book comes out, some other technology may have replaced the annual mammogram. Some exciting techniques in the works already are MRI, ultrasound, digital mammography, PET scans, Electrical Impedance Scanning and Ductal lavage PAP smears. Hey, some day they’ll be able to just run a whatchacall – that thing from Star Trek – tricorder down the air in front of our body –“bleep, bleep, bleep” – diagnosing and treating in one fell swoop! But for the present, we’re stuck with mammograms.

You’ll hear different recommendations from different experts about how often you should have a mammogram, from yearly to every other year. Me, I squeeze it into my schedule (pun intended) every year, and advise my patients to do the same. I’d rather risk a few extra rays to catch that sucker when it’s still tiny and operable.

There’s also the infamous “self breast exam” which can seem impossibly technical in the exam room brochures, but really is just about getting to know your breasts with your hands. By now you’re either in the habit of this or not, but one of the basic tenets of this book is that it is possible to teach an old dog new tricks, so if you’re not in the habit, get in the habit! Put it on your calendar, make it part of your monthly “hair, nails and breasts” day, whatever works. Get help. I’ll lay another bet that your intimate partner would be delighted to assist you with a frequent breast exam. Sharing a shower is a great way to save water, get a thorough breast exam, and end up with squeaky clean breasts in the process! Men, this means you too. Guys can get breast cancer, so soap up!

And thirdly, two simple (I didn’t say easy) steps you can take to decrease your breast cancer risk: exercise more, and limit your alcohol intake.

Back to the mammogram for a minute. If you’re like me, one mammogram was one too many. But hey, sometimes we gotta suffer for the greater good, right? Given that, here, from a mammogram survivor (too)many times over, are a couple basic tips.

1. Schedule your mammo for a midcycle time. If you’re still menstruating, with roughly predictable cycles, don’t plan to get your breasts squashed like pancakes when they’re at their most swollen and tender. In other words, NOT when you’re premenstrual. That should be a no-brainer, but I’ve goofed on it before. Ouch!
2. Keep quiet. I’m one of those patients that tends to be chatty and friendly with medical staff, because I think it’s common courtesy, plus it makes the medical experience more palatable overall. But this is one procedure during which I just shut my yappy trap. The mammographer has a job to do, and the more you don’t distract her, the quicker she’ll get it done. And you DO want it done quickly, trust me. Listen to her instructions, follow them exactly, and keep your mouth shut. And just when you think you can’t stand the pressure one more nanosecond, it’s over.
3. Practice. Lie down in the driveway and have your spouse run over your – I’m kidding! You’ve all seen those mammogram practice jokes running around the internet I’m sure. Hilarious, right? NOT! Once a year is bad enough.

Finally, a few words about genetics. You’ve probably heard about the “breast cancer gene” and might have wondered about getting tested for it. The bare facts are these: We all have genes called BRCA1 and BRCA2. Some of us have mutations in these genes that make us more susceptible to breast cancer and other cancers. If several women in your family (close blood relatives) have had breast cancer, or both breast and ovarian cancer, or if your heritage is Ashkenazi Jewish, you might want to talk to your doctor about BRCA testing. But I recommend a dose of caution before heading into this particular morass. It’s not a straight-over, one on one correlation here. In other words, if you have the dreaded BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation, that doesn’t guarantee that you will get cancer, nor will the absence of the mutation guarantee that you won’t. If you do have the mutation, you have to decide what you’re going to do about it, if anything. Some women have had both their breasts removed, for prevention. No breasts, no breast cancer, right? But that is major surgery that carries major risks, and it turns out that most times a mastectomy leaves some breast tissue behind. You only need one cell to develop cancer. On the other hand, it might be worth the risk to have the peace of mind. Only you can decide, and I’m just suggesting you look and think before you leap into the bottomless BRCA pit.

Sources:

The National Cancer Institute of the US National Institutes of Health

The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)